Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico 
Ocultar
Mostrar todos
Los Dibujitos como sujetos políticos emergentes: Anonimato, performatividad y reconfiguración de la esfera pública en el Perú digital
Resumen
En el contexto de las democracias contemporáneas, donde las formas tradicionales de participación política muestran signos de agotamiento, la aparición de colectivos digitales anónimos plantea interrogantes urgentes para la teoría social. En ese contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el caso de los Dibujitos en el Perú, como una manifestación de prácticas digitales articuladas desde el anonimato, la ironía y la performatividad, que tensiona las categorías clásicas de identidad, representación y liderazgo. A partir de un enfoque teórico-conceptual, se examinan las limitaciones de los marcos analíticos heredados, particularmente la distinción entre acción colectiva y conectiva, para lo cual se plantea una propuesta epistemológica que reconoce la afectividad, el simulacro y la fragmentación como dimensiones constitutivas de una nueva politicidad. Como resultado, se introducen tres nociones clave: la acción colectiva performativa, la ciudadanía post-westfaliana y los capitales digitales (memético y técnico), categorías que permiten comprender cómo opera el poder simbólico en escenarios marcados por la descentralización y la opacidad. Lejos de constituir un fenómeno excéntrico o episódico, los Dibujitos revelan una transformación más amplia en los modos de hacer política, lo que nos obliga a repensar la esfera pública desde una mirada crítica, atenta tanto a la potencia disruptiva de lo marginal como a los riesgos de su posible captura.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDFReferencias
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford University Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and his world (H. Iswolsky, Trans.). Indiana University Press. (Original work published 1965)
Baudrillard, J. (1991). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.
Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Polity Press.
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
Berlant, L. (2011). Cruel optimism. Duke University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction: Critique sociale du jugement. Les Éditions de Minuit.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
Butler, J. (2004). Undoing gender. Routledge.
Butler, J. (2015). Notes toward a performative theory of assembly. Harvard University Press.
Castells, M. (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society. International Journal of Communication, 1(1), 238–266.
Castells, M. (2012). Redes de indignación y esperanza: Los movimientos sociales en la era de Internet. Alianza Editorial.
Coleman, G. (2014). Hacker, hoaxer, whistleblower, spy: The many faces of Anonymous. Verso.
Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Harvard University Press.
Dean, J. (2005). Communicative capitalism: Circulation and the foreclosure of politics. Cultural Politics, 1(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.2752/174321905778054845
Dean, J. (2009). Democracy and other neoliberal fantasies: Communicative capitalism and left politics. Duke University Press.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980). Mille plateaux: Capitalisme et schizophrénie 2. Les Éditions de Minuit.
Foucault, M. (2007). Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–78 (M. Senellart, Ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. Social Text, (25/26), 56–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/466240
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. Sage.
García Canclini, N. (2012). Cultura digital y comunicación: Miradas latinoamericanas. Gedisa.
Gerbaudo, P. (2012). Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press.
Gerbaudo, P. (2012). Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press.
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
Goriunova, O. (2012). Art platforms and cultural production on the Internet. Routledge.
Habermas, J. (1962). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft [The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society]. Luchterhand.
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger & F. Lawrence, Trans.). MIT Press. (Original work published 1962)
Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2004). Multitude: War and democracy in the age of Empire. Penguin Press.
Himanen, P. (2001). The hacker ethic and the spirit of the information age. Random House.
Hintz, A., Dencik, L., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2017). Digital citizenship in a datafied society. Polity Press.
Isin, E. F. (2002). Being political: Genealogies of citizenship. University of Minnesota Press.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NYU Press.
Jenkins, H., Purushotma, R., Clinton, K., Weigel, M., & Robison, A. J. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. MIT Press.
Keane, J. (2009). The life and death of democracy. Simon and Schuster.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. Verso.
Lovink, G. (2020). Sad by design: On platform nihilism. Pluto Press.
Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and social class. Cambridge University Press.
Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the present: Social movements and individual needs in contemporary society. Temple University Press.
Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging codes: Collective action in the information age. Cambridge University Press.
Milner, R. M. (2016). The world made meme: Public conversations and participatory media. MIT Press.
Muñoz, J. E. (1999). Disidentifications: Queers of color and the performance of politics. University of Minnesota Press.
Nissenbaum, A., & Shifman, L. (2018). Meme templates as expressive repertoires in a global digital culture. Social Media + Society, 4(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118800313
Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press.
Papacharissi, Z. (2015). Affective publics: Sentiment, technology, and politics. Oxford University Press.
Pitkin, H. F. (1967). The concept of representation. University of California Press.
Rancière, J. (1995). La mésentente: Politique et philosophie. Galilée. (Nota: si usas traducción al español o inglés, indica traductor y editorial).
Raunig, G. (2007). Art and revolution: Transversal activism in the long twentieth century. Semiotext(e).
Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Addison-Wesley.
Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
Shifman, L. (2014). Memes in digital culture. MIT Press.
Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. Penguin Press.
Sørensen, E. M. (2020). Playful resistance: Reconfiguring resistance in the digital age. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses, 8(3), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2020.1776821
Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton University Press.
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Harvard University Press.
Taylor, C. (1994). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (A. Gutmann, Ed.). Princeton University Press.
Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. McGraw-Hill.
Tilly, C. (2004). Social movements, 1768–2004. Paradigm Publishers.
Urbinati, N. (2006). Representative democracy: Principles and genealogy. University of Chicago Press.
Warner, M. (2002). Publics and counterpublics. Zone Books.
Weber, M. (1922). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Eds., 1978). University of California Press.
Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.
